German researchers have discovered plastic-eating mushrooms to deal with garbage

German scientists have discovered plastic-eating mushrooms that could help tackle global plastic pollution. Millions of tonnes of plastic waste end up in the ocean every year. These plastic-eating mushrooms offer promising solutions, but experts warn that relying on mushrooms alone will not solve the problem. To effectively address this widespread problem, it is still necessary to focus on reducing plastic waste at its source. Research in Stechlin Lake has shown that some microfungi can break down synthetic plastics without additional carbon sources. This fungus can convert some plastics into biomass.

The basic facts

The study identified 18 fungal species, four of which showed strong ability to degrade plastics, especially polyurethane. However, plastics such as polyethylene used in bags and packaging break down more slowly. Microplastics released from tire wear are also challenging because of the harmful additives they contain.

Limitations of fungi in reducing pollution

Despite the potential for fungi, Hans-Peter Grossart warns that plastic should not be the only solution to reduce waste. Breaking down plastic still releases CO2, which is similar to burning fossil fuels. Fungicide effectiveness also depends on environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrients. The research highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to reduce plastic production and waste.

Global Plastics Production Trends

In 2021, global plastic production increases from just 1.7 million tonnes in 1950 to 390 million tonnes. Although recycling rates have improved, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled globally, underscoring the urgent need for better waste management solutions.

About plastic-eating mushrooms

Plastic-eating fungi, mainly of the genus Aspergillus and Pestaltiopsis, have shown the ability to break down a common type of plastic called polyurethane in a laboratory setting. Pestalotiopsis microspora was found in the Amazon rainforest in 2011 and was known for its ability to degrade plastic even in low-oxygen environments. These fungi use enzymes such as laccase to metabolize plastic, indicating that they could be useful for bioremediation – using biological organisms to clean up pollution.

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